LITERATURE CITED
Andreasen, M. S. (1990). Evolution in the family's use of television: Normative data from industry and academe. In J. Bryant (Ed.), Television and the American family (pp. 3-55). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
American Psychological Association (1993). Violence & Youth: Psychology's Response. Volume I: Summary Report of the American Psychological Association Commission on Violence and Youth. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Baker, R. K. & Ball, S. J. (1969). Mass media and violence: A staff report to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.
Barnouw, E. (1975). Tube of plenty: The evolution of American television. New York: Oxford University Press.
Berry, G. L. (1988). Multicultural role portrayals on television as a social psychological issue. In S. Oskamp (Ed.), Applied Social Psychology Annual (vol. 8), Television as a social issue (pp. 118-129). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Boyer, E. L. (1991). Ready to learn: A mandate for the nation. Princeton, NJ: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Centre for Media Literacy (1995). Beyond blame: Challenging violence in the media -- A multi-media literacy program for community empowerment. Los Angeles, CA: Centre for Media Literacy, 1995. (Available from the Centre for Media Literacy, 1962 S. Shenandoah Street, Los Angeles, CA 90034.)
Columbia Broadcasting System (1977). Learning while they laugh. New York: CBS Office of Social Research.
Eron, L. D. (1982). Parent child interaction, television violence and aggression of children. American Psychologist, 27, 197-211.
Eron, L. D. & Slaby, R. G. (1994). Introduction. In L. D. Eron; J. H. Gentry; & P. Schlegel (Eds.), Reason to hope: A psychosocial perspective on violence and youth. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Federal Communications Commission (1995). Notice of Proposed Rule Making: In the Matter of Policies and Rules Concerning Children's Television Programming -- Revision of Programming Policies for Television Broadcast Stations, FCC 95-143, MM Docket No. 93-48, April 5, 1995.
Geller, H. (1988). The FCC under Mark Fowler: A mixed bag. Hastings Journal of Communications and Entertainment Law, 10(2), 530.
Gerbner, G. & Signorielli, N. (1990). Violence profile, 1967 through 1988-89: Enduring patterns. Manuscript, University of Pennsylvania, Annenberg School of Communications.
Gerbner, G., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1993). Television violence profile: The turning point. Manuscript, University of Pennsylvania, Annenberg School of Communications.
Hamilton, J. T. (1994). Marketing violence: The impact of labelling violent television content. Manuscript, Duke University, Sanford Institute of Public Policy.
Hundt, R. (1994). A role for psychologists in the communication revolution. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles, August 14, 1994.
Huston, A. C., Donnerstein, E., Fairchild, H., Feshbach, N.D., Katz, P.A., Murray, J.P., Rubinstein, E.A., Wilcox, B., & Zuckerman, D. (1992). Big world, small screen: The role of television in American society. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Kunkel, D. & Murray, J. P. (1991). Television, children, and social policy: Issues and resources for child advocates. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 20(1), 88-93.
Kunkel, D. & Watkins, B. (1987). Evolution of children's television regulatory policy. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 31(4), 367-389.
Lazarsfeld, P. F. (1955). Why is so little known about the effects of television and what can be done? Public Opinion Quarterly, 19, 243-251.
Maccoby, E. E. (1954). Why do children watch television? Public Opinion Quarterly, 18, 239-244.
Mayer, C. E. (February 6, 1983). FCC Chief's fears: Fowler sees threat in regulation. Washington Post, K-6.
Mediascope (1993). The kids are watching -- A 13-minute video for teachers, parents, and community organisations. Studio City, CA: Mediascope, 1993. (Available from Mediascope, 12711 Ventura Boulevard, Studio City, CA 91604.)
Minow, N. N. (1961, May). The "vast wasteland." Address to the National Association of Broadcasters, Washington, D.C.
Minow, N. N. (1991). How vast the wasteland now? New York: Gannett Foundation Media Centre, Columbia University.
Montgomery, K. C. (1989). Target: Prime time -- Advocacy groups and the struggle over entertainment television. New York: Oxford University Press.
Murray, J. P. (1973). Television and violence: Implications of the Surgeon General's research program. American Psychologist, 28(6), 472-478.
Murray, J. P. (1980). Television and youth: 25 years of research and controversy. Boys Town, NE: The Boys Town Centre for the Study of Youth Development.
Murray, J. P. (1994). The impact of televised violence. Hofstra Law Review, 22(4), 809-825.
Murray, J. P. & Lonnborg, B. (1995). Children and television: Using TV sensibly. Manhattan, KS: Kansas State University, Co-operative Extension Service.
National Institute of Mental Health (1982). Television and behaviour: Ten years of scientific progress and implications for the eighties (vol. 1), Summary report. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.
Paik, H. & Comstock, G. (1994). The effects of television violence on antisocial behaviour: A meta-analysis. Communication Research, 21(4), 516-546.
Stein, A. H. & Friedrich, L. K. (1972). Television content and young children's behaviour. In J. P. Murray; E. A. Rubinstein; & G. A. Comstock (Eds.) Television and social behaviour (vol. 2), Television and social learning (pp. 202-317). Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.
Surgeon General's Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behaviour (1972). Television and growing up: The impact of televised violence. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
United States Congress. House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce (1952). Investigation of Radio and Television Programs, Hearings and Report, 82nd Congress, 2nd session, June 3-December 5, 1952. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.
United States Congress, Senate Committee of the Judiciary, Subcommittee to Investigate Juvenile Delinquency (1955a). Juvenile Delinquency (Television Programs), Hearings, 83rd Congress, 2nd session, June 5-October 20, 1954. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.
United States Congress, Senate Committee of the Judiciary, Subcommittee to Investigate Juvenile Delinquency (1955b). Juvenile Delinquency (Television Programs), Hearings, 84th Congress, 1st session, April 6-7, 1955. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.
White, E. B. (1938, October). One Man's Meat. Harper's Magazine, 177, 553.
JOHN P. MURRAY
John P. Murray, Ph.D. is a Professor and the Director of the School of Family Studies and Human Services at Kansas State University. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association and recent President of its Division of Child Youth and Family Services. Dr. Murray's interest in television and society is reflected in nearly 30 years of research, teaching and public policy concerning children, youth and families. In the late 1960's and early 70's, Dr. Murray served as Research Co-ordinator for the Surgeon General's Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behaviour at the National Institute of Mental Health resulting in the first Surgeon General's report on television violence in 1972. Subsequently, he taught in the School of Behavioural Sciences at Macquarie University in Sydney where he conducted research on the effects of the introduction of television in the Australian "outback." His concern about the impact of television has continued during appointments at the University of Michigan, the Boys Town Centre for the Study of Youth Development, and Kansas State University. Over the years, Dr. Murray has produced 10 books and more than 80 articles on children's television, including a 1980 reference book, Television and Youth: 25 Years of Research and Controversy, and the 1992 American Psychological Association Report, Big World, Small Screen: The Role of Television in American Society.