the Urim and Thummim, את אורים ואת התמים the Urim and Thummim, lights and perfections; rendered by the LXX δηλωσιϚ και αληθεια, manifestation and truth; and, by the Vulgate, doctrina et veritas, doctrine and truth. Among the various and contradictory opinions respecting the form and substance of these mysterious appendages, the most probable seems to be that of Josephus, Philo, Bp. Patrick, Parkhurst, and the Jewish writers generally; who state, that they were no other than the twelve precious stones of the high priest's breastplate. In support of this statement, it is observed: 1. That in the description of the high priest's breastplate, Exo 39:8, et seq., the Urim and Thummim are not mentioned, but only the rows of stones; and on the contrary, in Lev 8:8, the Urim and Thummim are expressly mentioned, but not a word is said of the four rows of stones. 2. As Moses has given such a particular description of every thing relative to the high priest's dress, these would certainly have been described had they been different from what was previously mentioned. Lev 8:8, Num 27:21, Deu 33:8, Jdg 1:1, Jdg 20:18, Jdg 20:23, Jdg 20:27, Jdg 20:28, 1Sa 23:9-12, 1Sa 28:6, 1Sa 30:7, 1Sa 30:8, Ezr 2:63, Neh 7:65 bear the judgment: Zec 6:13 upon his heart: 2Co 6:11, 2Co 6:12, 2Co 7:3, 2Co 12:15, Phi 1:7, Phi 1:8, Heb 2:17, Heb 4:15, Heb 9:12, Heb 9:24 Reciprocal: Exo 28:15 - the breastplate Exo 28:29 - in the Jos 9:14 - asked not 1Sa 23:6 - an ephod Son 8:6 - as a seal Joh 11:51 - being